Honey Bee Information In Hindi
Madhumakkhi Kit Varg Ka Praani Hai. Madhumakkhi Se Madhu Praapt Hota Hai Jo Atyant Paushtik Bhojan Hai. Yah Sangh Banaakar Rahati Hain. Pratyek Sangh Mein Ek Raani, Kai Sau Nar Aur Shesh Shramik Hote Hain. Madhumakkhiyaan Chhatte Banaakar Rahati Hain. Inaka Yah Ghosala (chhatta) Mom Se Banata Hai. Isake Vansh Epis Mein 7 Jaatiyaan Evan 44 Upajaatiyaan Hain.
Prajaatiyaan
Bhunaga Ya Dambhar
Bhanvar Ya Saarang
Potinga Ya Chhoti Madhumakkhi
Khaira Ya Bhaaratiy Maun
Yuropiyan Madhumakkhi
Jantu Jagat Mein Madhumakkhi ‘aarthopoda’ Sangh Ka Kit Hai. Vishv Mein Madhumakkhi Ki Mukhy Paanch Prajaatiyaan Pai Jaati Hain. Jinamen Chaar Prajaatiyaan Bhaarat Mein Pai Jaati Hain. Madhumakkhi Ki In Prajaatiyon Se Hamaare Yahaan Ke Log Praachin Kaal Se Parichit Rahe Hain. Isaki Pramukh Paanch Prajaatiyaan Hain :
Bhunaga Ya Dambhar
Yah Aakaar Mein Sabase Chhoti Aur Sabase Kam Shahad Ekatr Karane Vaali Madhumakkhi Hai. Shahad Ke Maamale Mein Na Sahi Lekin Paraagan Ke Maamale Mein Isaka Yogadaan Any Madhumakkhiyon Se Kam Nahin Hai. Isake Shahad Ka Svaad Kuchh Khatta Hota Hai. Aayurvedik Drshti Se Isaka Shahad Sarvottam Hota Hai Kyonki Yah Jadi Butiyon Ke Nanhen Fulon, Jahaan Any Madhumakkhiyaan Nahin Pahunch Paati Hain, Se Bhi Paraag Ekatr Kar Leti Hain.
Bhanvar Ya Saarang
Ise Desh Ke Alag-alag Hisson Mein Alag-alag Naam Se Jaana Jaata Hai. Uttar Bhaarat Mein ‘bhanvar’ Ya ‘bhaunreh’ Kahate Hain. Dakshin Bhaarat Mein Ise ‘saarang’ Tatha Raajasthaan Mein ‘mom Maakhi’ Kahate Hain. Ye Unche Vrkshon Ki Daaliyon, Unche Makaanon, Chattaanon Aadi Par Vishaal Chhatta Banaati Hain. Chhatta Karib Dedh Se Paune Do Mitar Tak Chauda Hota Hai. Isaka Aakaar Any Bhaaratiy Madhumakkhiyon Se Bada Hota Hai. Any Madhumakkhiyon Ke Mukaabale Yah Shahad Bhi Adhik Ekatr Karati Hain. Ek Chhatte Se Ek Baar Mein 30 Se 50 Kilograam Tak Shahad Mil Jaata Hai. Svabhaav Se Yah Atyant Khataranaak Hoti Hain. Ise Chhed Dene Par Ya Kisi Pakshi Dvaara Isamen Chot Maar Dene Par Yah Dur-dur Tak Daudaakar Manushyon Ya Usake Paalatu Pashuon Ka Pichha Karati Hain. Atyant Aakraamak Hone Ke Kaaran Hi Yah Paali Nahin Ja Sakati. Jangalon Mein Praapt Shahad Isi Madhumakkhi Ki Hoti Hai.
Potinga Ya Chhoti Madhumakkhi
Yah Bhi Bhanvar Ki Tarah Hi Khule Mein Keval Ek Chhatta Banaati Hai. Lekin Isaka Chhatta Chhota Hota Hai Aur Daaliyon Par Latakata Hua Dekha Ja Sakata Hai. Isaka Chhatta Adhik Unchai Par Nahin Hota. Chhatta Karib 20 Sentimitar Lamba Aur Karib Itana Hi Chauda Hota Hai. Isase Ek Baar Mein 250 Graam Se Lekar 500 Graam Tak Shahad Praapt Ho Sakata Hai.
Khaira Ya Bhaaratiy Maun
Ise Graamin Kshetron Mein Madhumakkhi Ki Prajaatiyaan ‘satakochava’ Madhumakkhi Kahate Hain. Kyonki Ye Divaaron Ya Pedon Ke Khokhalon Mein Ek Ke Baad Ek Karib Saat Samaanaantar Chhatte Banaati Hain. Yah Any Madhumakkhiyon Ki Apeksha Kam Aakraamak Hoti Hain. Isase Ek Baar Mein Ek-do Kilograam Shahad Nikal Sakata Hai. Yah Petiyon Mein Paali Ja Sakati Hai. Saal Bhar Mein Isase 10 Se 15 Kilograam Tak Shahad Praapt Ho Sakati Hai.
Yuropiyan Madhumakkhi
Isaka Vistaar Sampurn Yurop, Amerika, Ostreliya Aur Afrika Tak Hai. Isaki Anek Prajaatiyaan Jinamen Ek Prajaati Itailiyan Madhumakkhi (apis Maillifair Lingustich) Hai. Vartamaan Mein Apane Desh Mein Isi Itailiyan Madhumakkhi Ka Paalan Ho Raha Hai. Sabase Pahale Ise Apane Desh Mein San 1962 Mein Himaachal Pradesh Mein Nagarauta Naamak Sthaan Par Yurop Se Laakar Paala Gaya Tha. Isake Pashchaat 1966-67 Mein Ludhiyaana (panjaab) Mein Isaka Paalan Shuru Hua. Yahaan Se Failate-failate Ab Yah Pure Desh Mein Pahunch Gai Hai. Isake Purv Hamaare Desh Mein Bhaaratiy Maun Paali Jaati Thi. Jisaka Paalan Ab Lagabhag Samaapt Ho Chuka Hai.
Krshi Utpaadan Mein Madhumakkhiyon Ka Mahattv
Paraaganakaari Jivon Mein Madhumakkhi Ka Vishesh Mahattv Hai. Is Sambandh Mein Anek Adhyayan Bhi Hue Hain. Si.si. Ghosh, Jo San 1919 Mein Impiriyal Krshi Anusandhaan Sansthaan Mein Kaaryarat The, Ne Madhumakkhiyon Ki Mahatta Ke Sambandh Mein Kaha Tha Ki Yah Ek Rupe Ki Shahad Va Mom Deti Hai To Das Rupe Ki Kimat Ke Baraabar Utpaadan Badha Deti Hai. Bhaaratiy Krshi Anusandhaan Sansthaan, Nai Dilli Mein Kuchh Fasalon Par Paraagan Sambandhi Parikshan Kie Gaye. Saumf Mein Dekha Gaya Ki Jin Fulon Ka Madhumakkhi Dvaara Paraagikaran Hone Diya Gaya Unamen 85 Pratishat Bij Bane. Isake Viparit Jin Fulon Ko Madhumakkhi Dvaara Paraagit Karane Se Roka Gaya Unamen Maatr 6.1 Pratishat Bij Hi Bane The. Yaani Madhumakkhi, Saumf Ke Utpaadan Ko Karib 15 Guna Badha Deti Hai. Barasim Mein To Bij Utpaadan Ki Yah Badhottari 112 Guna Tatha Unake Bhaar Mein 179 Guna Adhik Dekhi Gai. Sarason Ki Paraparaagani Pusa Kalyaani Jaati To Purnataya Madhumakkhi Ke Paraagikaran Par Hi Nirbhar Hai. Fasal Ke Jin Fulon Mein Madhumakkhi Ne Paraagikrt Kiya Unake Fulon Se Ausatan 82 Pratishat Fali Bani Tatha Ek Fali Mein Ausatan 14 Bij Aur Bij Ka Ausat Bhaar 3 Miligraam Paaya Gaya. Isake Viparit Jin Fulon Ko Madhumakkhi Dvaara Paraagan Se Roka Gaya Unamen Sirf 5 Pratishat Faliyaan Hi Banin. Ek Fali Mein Ausat Ek Bij Bana Jisaka Bhaar Ek Miligraam Se Bhi Kam Paaya Gaya. Isi Tarah Tilahan Ki Svaparaagani Kismon Mein Utpaadan 25-30 Pratishat Adhik Paaya Gaya. Lichi, Gobhi, Ilaayachi, Pyaaj, Kapaas Evan Kai Falon Par Kie Gaye Prayogon Mein Aise Parinaam Paye Gaye.
Madhumakkhi Parivaar
Raani
Nar Madhumakkhi
Kameri Madhumakkhi
Ek Saath Rahane Vaali Sabhi Madhumakkhiyaan Ek Maunavansh (koloni) Kahalaati Hain. Ek Maunavansh Mein Tin Tarah Ki Madhumakkhiyaan Hoti Hain : (1) Raani, (2) Nar Tatha (3) Kameri.
Raani
Ek Maunavansh Mein Hajaaron Madhumakkhiyaan Hoti Hain. Inamen Raani (kvin) Keval Ek Hoti Hai. Yahi Vaastav Mein Purn Vikasit Maada Hoti Hai. Pure Maunavansh Mein Ande Dene Ka Kaam Akeli Raani Madhumakkhi Hi Karati Hai. Yah Aakaar Mein Any Madhumakkhiyon Se Badi Aur Chamakili Hoti Hai Jisase Ise Jhund Mein Aasaani Se Pahachaana Ja Sakata Hai.
Nar Madhumakkhi
Mausam Aur Prajanan Kaal Ke Anusaar Nar Madhumakkhi (dron) Ki Sankhya Ghatati-badhati Rahati Hai. Prajanan Kaal Mein Ek Maunavansh Mein Ye Dhai-tin Sau Tak Ho Jaate Hain Jabaki Viparit Paristhitiyon Mein Inaki Sankhya Shuny Tak Ho Jaati Hai. Inaka Kaam Keval Raani Madhumakkhi Ka Garbhaadhaan Karana Hai. Garbhaadhaan Ke Lie Yadyapi Kai Nar Prayaas Karate Hain Jinamen Ek Hi Safal Ho Paata Hai.
Kameri Madhumakkhi
Kisi Maunavansh Mein Sabase Mahattvapurn Madhumakkhiyaan Kameri (varkar) Hi Hoti Hain. Ye Fulon Se Ras Le Aakar Shahad To Banaati Hi Hain Saath-saath Ande-bachchon Ki Dekhabhaal Aur Chhatte Ke Nirmaan Ka Kaary Bhi Karati Hain.
Madhumakkhi Kit Varg Ka Praani Hai. Madhumakkhi Se Madhu Praapt Hota Hai Jo Atyant Paushtik Bhojan Hai. Yah Sangh Banaakar Rahati Hain. Pratyek Sangh Mein Ek Raani, Kai Sau Nar Aur Shesh Shramik Hote Hain. Madhumakkhiyaan Chhatte Banaakar Rahati Hain. Inaka Yah Ghosala (chhatta) Mom Se Banata Hai. Isake Vansh Epis Mein 7 Jaatiyaan Evan 44 Upajaatiyaan Hain.
Prajaatiyaan
Bhunaga Ya Dambhar
Bhanvar Ya Saarang
Potinga Ya Chhoti Madhumakkhi
Khaira Ya Bhaaratiy Maun
Yuropiyan Madhumakkhi
Jantu Jagat Mein Madhumakkhi ‘aarthopoda’ Sangh Ka Kit Hai. Vishv Mein Madhumakkhi Ki Mukhy Paanch Prajaatiyaan Pai Jaati Hain. Jinamen Chaar Prajaatiyaan Bhaarat Mein Pai Jaati Hain. Madhumakkhi Ki In Prajaatiyon Se Hamaare Yahaan Ke Log Praachin Kaal Se Parichit Rahe Hain. Isaki Pramukh Paanch Prajaatiyaan Hain :
Bhunaga Ya Dambhar
Yah Aakaar Mein Sabase Chhoti Aur Sabase Kam Shahad Ekatr Karane Vaali Madhumakkhi Hai. Shahad Ke Maamale Mein Na Sahi Lekin Paraagan Ke Maamale Mein Isaka Yogadaan Any Madhumakkhiyon Se Kam Nahin Hai. Isake Shahad Ka Svaad Kuchh Khatta Hota Hai. Aayurvedik Drshti Se Isaka Shahad Sarvottam Hota Hai Kyonki Yah Jadi Butiyon Ke Nanhen Fulon, Jahaan Any Madhumakkhiyaan Nahin Pahunch Paati Hain, Se Bhi Paraag Ekatr Kar Leti Hain.
Bhanvar Ya Saarang
Ise Desh Ke Alag-alag Hisson Mein Alag-alag Naam Se Jaana Jaata Hai. Uttar Bhaarat Mein ‘bhanvar’ Ya ‘bhaunreh’ Kahate Hain. Dakshin Bhaarat Mein Ise ‘saarang’ Tatha Raajasthaan Mein ‘mom Maakhi’ Kahate Hain. Ye Unche Vrkshon Ki Daaliyon, Unche Makaanon, Chattaanon Aadi Par Vishaal Chhatta Banaati Hain. Chhatta Karib Dedh Se Paune Do Mitar Tak Chauda Hota Hai. Isaka Aakaar Any Bhaaratiy Madhumakkhiyon Se Bada Hota Hai. Any Madhumakkhiyon Ke Mukaabale Yah Shahad Bhi Adhik Ekatr Karati Hain. Ek Chhatte Se Ek Baar Mein 30 Se 50 Kilograam Tak Shahad Mil Jaata Hai. Svabhaav Se Yah Atyant Khataranaak Hoti Hain. Ise Chhed Dene Par Ya Kisi Pakshi Dvaara Isamen Chot Maar Dene Par Yah Dur-dur Tak Daudaakar Manushyon Ya Usake Paalatu Pashuon Ka Pichha Karati Hain. Atyant Aakraamak Hone Ke Kaaran Hi Yah Paali Nahin Ja Sakati. Jangalon Mein Praapt Shahad Isi Madhumakkhi Ki Hoti Hai.
Potinga Ya Chhoti Madhumakkhi
Yah Bhi Bhanvar Ki Tarah Hi Khule Mein Keval Ek Chhatta Banaati Hai. Lekin Isaka Chhatta Chhota Hota Hai Aur Daaliyon Par Latakata Hua Dekha Ja Sakata Hai. Isaka Chhatta Adhik Unchai Par Nahin Hota. Chhatta Karib 20 Sentimitar Lamba Aur Karib Itana Hi Chauda Hota Hai. Isase Ek Baar Mein 250 Graam Se Lekar 500 Graam Tak Shahad Praapt Ho Sakata Hai.
Khaira Ya Bhaaratiy Maun
Ise Graamin Kshetron Mein Madhumakkhi Ki Prajaatiyaan ‘satakochava’ Madhumakkhi Kahate Hain. Kyonki Ye Divaaron Ya Pedon Ke Khokhalon Mein Ek Ke Baad Ek Karib Saat Samaanaantar Chhatte Banaati Hain. Yah Any Madhumakkhiyon Ki Apeksha Kam Aakraamak Hoti Hain. Isase Ek Baar Mein Ek-do Kilograam Shahad Nikal Sakata Hai. Yah Petiyon Mein Paali Ja Sakati Hai. Saal Bhar Mein Isase 10 Se 15 Kilograam Tak Shahad Praapt Ho Sakati Hai.
Yuropiyan Madhumakkhi
Isaka Vistaar Sampurn Yurop, Amerika, Ostreliya Aur Afrika Tak Hai. Isaki Anek Prajaatiyaan Jinamen Ek Prajaati Itailiyan Madhumakkhi (apis Maillifair Lingustich) Hai. Vartamaan Mein Apane Desh Mein Isi Itailiyan Madhumakkhi Ka Paalan Ho Raha Hai. Sabase Pahale Ise Apane Desh Mein San 1962 Mein Himaachal Pradesh Mein Nagarauta Naamak Sthaan Par Yurop Se Laakar Paala Gaya Tha. Isake Pashchaat 1966-67 Mein Ludhiyaana (panjaab) Mein Isaka Paalan Shuru Hua. Yahaan Se Failate-failate Ab Yah Pure Desh Mein Pahunch Gai Hai. Isake Purv Hamaare Desh Mein Bhaaratiy Maun Paali Jaati Thi. Jisaka Paalan Ab Lagabhag Samaapt Ho Chuka Hai.
Krshi Utpaadan Mein Madhumakkhiyon Ka Mahattv
Paraaganakaari Jivon Mein Madhumakkhi Ka Vishesh Mahattv Hai. Is Sambandh Mein Anek Adhyayan Bhi Hue Hain. Si.si. Ghosh, Jo San 1919 Mein Impiriyal Krshi Anusandhaan Sansthaan Mein Kaaryarat The, Ne Madhumakkhiyon Ki Mahatta Ke Sambandh Mein Kaha Tha Ki Yah Ek Rupe Ki Shahad Va Mom Deti Hai To Das Rupe Ki Kimat Ke Baraabar Utpaadan Badha Deti Hai. Bhaaratiy Krshi Anusandhaan Sansthaan, Nai Dilli Mein Kuchh Fasalon Par Paraagan Sambandhi Parikshan Kie Gaye. Saumf Mein Dekha Gaya Ki Jin Fulon Ka Madhumakkhi Dvaara Paraagikaran Hone Diya Gaya Unamen 85 Pratishat Bij Bane. Isake Viparit Jin Fulon Ko Madhumakkhi Dvaara Paraagit Karane Se Roka Gaya Unamen Maatr 6.1 Pratishat Bij Hi Bane The. Yaani Madhumakkhi, Saumf Ke Utpaadan Ko Karib 15 Guna Badha Deti Hai. Barasim Mein To Bij Utpaadan Ki Yah Badhottari 112 Guna Tatha Unake Bhaar Mein 179 Guna Adhik Dekhi Gai. Sarason Ki Paraparaagani Pusa Kalyaani Jaati To Purnataya Madhumakkhi Ke Paraagikaran Par Hi Nirbhar Hai. Fasal Ke Jin Fulon Mein Madhumakkhi Ne Paraagikrt Kiya Unake Fulon Se Ausatan 82 Pratishat Fali Bani Tatha Ek Fali Mein Ausatan 14 Bij Aur Bij Ka Ausat Bhaar 3 Miligraam Paaya Gaya. Isake Viparit Jin Fulon Ko Madhumakkhi Dvaara Paraagan Se Roka Gaya Unamen Sirf 5 Pratishat Faliyaan Hi Banin. Ek Fali Mein Ausat Ek Bij Bana Jisaka Bhaar Ek Miligraam Se Bhi Kam Paaya Gaya. Isi Tarah Tilahan Ki Svaparaagani Kismon Mein Utpaadan 25-30 Pratishat Adhik Paaya Gaya. Lichi, Gobhi, Ilaayachi, Pyaaj, Kapaas Evan Kai Falon Par Kie Gaye Prayogon Mein Aise Parinaam Paye Gaye.
Madhumakkhi Parivaar
Raani
Nar Madhumakkhi
Kameri Madhumakkhi
Ek Saath Rahane Vaali Sabhi Madhumakkhiyaan Ek Maunavansh (koloni) Kahalaati Hain. Ek Maunavansh Mein Tin Tarah Ki Madhumakkhiyaan Hoti Hain : (1) Raani, (2) Nar Tatha (3) Kameri.
Raani
Ek Maunavansh Mein Hajaaron Madhumakkhiyaan Hoti Hain. Inamen Raani (kvin) Keval Ek Hoti Hai. Yahi Vaastav Mein Purn Vikasit Maada Hoti Hai. Pure Maunavansh Mein Ande Dene Ka Kaam Akeli Raani Madhumakkhi Hi Karati Hai. Yah Aakaar Mein Any Madhumakkhiyon Se Badi Aur Chamakili Hoti Hai Jisase Ise Jhund Mein Aasaani Se Pahachaana Ja Sakata Hai.
Nar Madhumakkhi
Mausam Aur Prajanan Kaal Ke Anusaar Nar Madhumakkhi (dron) Ki Sankhya Ghatati-badhati Rahati Hai. Prajanan Kaal Mein Ek Maunavansh Mein Ye Dhai-tin Sau Tak Ho Jaate Hain Jabaki Viparit Paristhitiyon Mein Inaki Sankhya Shuny Tak Ho Jaati Hai. Inaka Kaam Keval Raani Madhumakkhi Ka Garbhaadhaan Karana Hai. Garbhaadhaan Ke Lie Yadyapi Kai Nar Prayaas Karate Hain Jinamen Ek Hi Safal Ho Paata Hai.
Kameri Madhumakkhi
Kisi Maunavansh Mein Sabase Mahattvapurn Madhumakkhiyaan Kameri (varkar) Hi Hoti Hain. Ye Fulon Se Ras Le Aakar Shahad To Banaati Hi Hain Saath-saath Ande-bachchon Ki Dekhabhaal Aur Chhatte Ke Nirmaan Ka Kaary Bhi Karati Hain.
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